NU.MUŠ.DA: Difference between revisions
DavidHilder (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
DavidHilder (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| (11 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
<sup>mul / d</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA (𒀯𒉡𒈲𒁕) is an ancient Mesopotamian constellation within [[Centaurus|The Centaur]] (Centaurus). Akkadian parallel to <sup>(mul)</sup>''Nammaššû'', "Herds of (wild) animals"(?) [CAD<ref name=":0">''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> N/1, 233-234]. |
|||
<sup>mul / d</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. |
|||
==Concordance, Etymology, History== |
|||
==Dictionary== |
|||
=== Krebernik (2023) === |
|||
The god <sup>d</sup>''Nu-muš-da'', city god of ''Kazallu'', is a son of the moon god ''Nanna''/''Sîn''. Spellings of the star name often omit the determinative for deities. According to Hh, the reading of the star name is ''nammaššû'' “herds of animals” (see SpTU III<ref name=":1">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref> nr. 114 iv 127). Therefore, the sumerogram could be based on folk etymology. 5R 46: 44 gives the reading/explanation <sup>d</sup>''Ša-gi-mu'' “The Roaring (god)”. MUL <sup>d</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA (EA 8r). |
|||
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === |
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === |
||
= nammaššû, lit. "Herds of (wild) animals"; |
= ''nammaššû'', lit. "Herds of (wild) animals"; (?) [CAD<ref name=":0" /> N/1, 233ff.; AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 728a; Gössmann<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 305]. |
||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
|+ |
|+ |
||
| Line 8: | Line 12: | ||
!Identifications |
!Identifications |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''Lexical texts.''' |
|'''Lexical texts.''' |
||
(1) Urra XXII series: <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da = nam-maš-šu-u<sub>2</sub> [MSL XI, 31, Section 11:4; SpTU III, 114A v 63; Bloch-Horowitz 2015 |
* (1) Urra XXII series: <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da = ''nam-maš-šu-u''<sub>2</sub> [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 31, Section 11:4; SpTU III<ref name=":1" />, 114A v 63; Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 111:323ʹ]. |
||
* (2) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>[mul]</sup>nu.muš.da = ''na-maš-šu-u''<sub>2</sub> = <sup>d</sup>IM [MSL XI, 41:48], <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da = (skip) = ''nam-maš-šu-u''<sub>2</sub> [SpTU III<ref name=":1" />, 116 iii 17]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''EAE.''' |
|||
See. [ABCD<ref name=":3">''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref> 62, 203-204, EAE 20, VII Rec. B, r. 7, 9]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''"Three Stars Each (Astroabes)."''' |
|||
Astrolabe P. |
|||
* Month of Shabbat, stars of Ea, 160 [Pinches 1900<ref>''Pinches T.G.'' Review of R.Brown. Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constellations of the Greeks, Phoenicians, and Babylonians. Vol. 2. London, 1900 // JRAS. 1900. P. 571-577.</ref>, 575]. |
|||
Astrolabe B. |
|||
'''EAE.''' |
|||
See. [ABCD 62, 203-204, EAE 20, VII Rec. B, r. 7, 9]. |
|||
'''"Three Stars Each (Astroabes)."''' |
|||
Astrolabe P. Month of Shabbat, stars of Ea, 160 [Pinches 1900, 575]. Astrolabe B. (1) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>nu.muš.da šu-ut <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-a "[Shabbat]: Numushda (on the way) of Ea (rising)" (C i 11). (2) List (восход–заход=6m): a) <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da <sup>mul</sup>sim.maḫ <sup>mul</sup>Da-mu e<sub>3</sub> "[Shabbat: Numushda, Swallow, Damu ascend" (C 33), b) <sup>[mul]</sup>nu.muš.da <sup>mul</sup>sim.maḫ <sup>mul</sup>Da-mu š[u<sub>2</sub>] "(Abu): Numushda, Swallow, Damu dec[lines]" [KAV 218, C 22; Horowitz 2014, 40]. |
|||
* (1) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>nu.muš.da ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "[Shabbat]: Numushda (on the way) of Ea (rising)" (C i 11). |
|||
'''BM 82923.''' |
|||
* (2) List (sunrise-sunset=6m): |
|||
Month of Shabbat, stars Ea: mulNU.MUŠ.DA // 2,40 // DINGIR.DINGIR ki-lal dIM dAMAR.UTU "Numushda // 160 // Both deities are Adad (and) Marduk" [Walker-Hunger 1977, 30:31]. BM 34713. itiziziz2 // 2.40 múlnu.muš.da // 1.10 múlalla // 35 múlti8[mušen] "Shabbat: 160 Numushda, 70 Crab, 35 Eagle" [LBAT, 1499:11]. "Round astrolabes." K.14943+: itiziziz2.a.an // mulnu.muš.d[a] // ˹2,40˺ "(Stars of Ea), Shabbat, Numushda, 160" [CT 33, 12]. The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil. List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 3): mulnu.muš.da [CT 33, 9 r. 16; MCG, 176]. MUL.APIN. (1) Stars of Ea (no. 8): MUL ša2 EGIR-šu2-nu GUB-zu GIM dE2-a KUR-ḫa / GIM dE2-a ŠU2meš mulNu-muš-da dIM "The star that stands behind them (i.e., behind Shullat and Hanish) rises like Ea and sets like Ea: Numushda, Adad" (I ii 26-27) [MA, 37]. "Great Star List and Miscellenia." (1) mulnu.muš.da = [...], mulmin = d[...], mulmin = damar.utu; (2) 12 stars of Elam: muln[u.muš.da] [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:130-132, 206]. List of stars VR 46, 1:44. mulnu.muš.da = dingir ša2-gi-mu "Numushda = roaring god" [HBA, 52:44; Wee 2016, 162-3]. GU text. (L) ˹mulnu.muš.˺da "Numushda" (κ Cen) [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:20; ASM, 92], see also d11DINGIR.KU.Ameš. Temple ritual in Babylon. múlnu.muš.da muš-tab-ru-u zunni(šeg3) "Numushda, the one who prolongs rain" [RAcc. 138:312; Linssen 2004, 220, 229]. Anaphora. А 3427: ina itiziz2 ina še-rim ud 28 múlnu.muš.da ki.min(=meš-ḫa im-šuḫ ZI) "In (the month of) Shabbat, on the morning of the 28th day, Numushda emits mišḫu and rises" [Schaumberger 1955, 238:6], parallel in Sp II 202+: ina ziz2 ina še-rim 28 múlnu.muš.da meš-ḫu im-šuḫ ZI [ibid. 246:25]. See also: [mulNU].MUŠ.DA d˹E2˺-[a...] [CT 26, 48, K.11806: 10-11]. |
|||
** a) <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da <sup>mul</sup>sim.maḫ <sup>mul</sup>''Da-mu'' e<sub>3</sub> "[Shabbat: Numushda, Swallow, Damu ascend" (C 33), |
|||
** b) <sup>[mul]</sup>nu.muš.da <sup>mul</sup>sim.maḫ <sup>mul</sup>''Da-mu š''[''u''<sub>2</sub>] "(Abu): Numushda, Swallow, Damu dec[lines]" [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 22; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 40]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''BM 82923.''' |
|||
Month of Shabbat, stars Ea: |
|||
* <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA // 2,40 // DINGIR.DINGIR ''ki-lal'' <sup>d</sup>IM <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU "Numushda // 160 // Both deities are Adad (and) Marduk" [Walker-Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:31]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''BM 34713.''' |
|||
* <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> // 2.40 <sup>múl</sup>nu.muš.da // 1.10 <sup>múl</sup>alla // 35 <sup>múl</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>[mušen]</sup> "Shabbat: 160 Numushda, 70 Crab, 35 Eagle" [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:11]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''"Round astrolabes."''' |
|||
* K.14943+: <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub>.a.an // <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.d[a] // ˹2,40˺ "(Stars of Ea), Shabbat, Numushda, 160" [CT<ref name=":4">''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 33, 12]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.''' |
|||
List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 3): <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da [CT<ref name=":4" /> 33, 9 r. 16; MCG<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref>, 176]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''MUL.APIN.''' |
|||
* (1) Stars of Ea (no. 8): MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub>-''nu'' GUB-''zu'' GIM <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-''a'' KUR-''ḫa'' / GIM <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-''a'' ŠU<sub>2</sub><sup>meš</sup> <sup>mul</sup>''Nu-muš-da'' <sup>d</sup>IM "The star that stands behind them (i.e., behind Shullat and Hanish) rises like Ea and sets like Ea: Numushda, Adad" (I ii 26-27) [MA<ref name=":5">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 37]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia."''' |
|||
* (1) <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da = [...], <sup>mul</sup>min = <sup>d</sup>[...], <sup>mul</sup>min = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu; |
|||
* (2) 12 stars of Elam: <sup>mul</sup>n[u.muš.da] [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:130-132, 206]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''List of stars VR 46, 1:44.''' |
|||
* <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da = dingir ''ša''<sub>2</sub>-''gi-mu'' "Numushda = roaring god" [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 52:44; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-3]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''GU text.''' |
|||
* (L) ˹<sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.˺da "Numushda" (κ Cen) [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref name=":3" />, BM 78161:20; ASM<ref name=":6">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 92], see also (Kurtik d11) [[DINGIR.KU.A|DINGIR.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>]]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''Temple ritual in Babylon.''' |
|||
* <sup>múl</sup>nu.muš.da ''muš-tab-ru-u zunni''(šeg<sub>3</sub>) "Numushda, the one who prolongs rain" [RAcc.<ref>''Thureau-Dansin F''. Rittuels accadiens. Paris, 1921.</ref> 138:312; Linssen 2004<ref>''Linssen, Marc J.H.'' The Cults of Uruk and Babylon : The Temple Ritual Texts as Evidence for Hellenistic Cult Practises. Vol. 25. Cuneiform Monographs. Leiden, Boston : Brill, Styx. 2004.</ref>, 220, 229]. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''Anaphora.''' |
|||
* А 3427: ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> ''ina še-rim'' ud 28 <sup>múl</sup>nu.muš.da ki.min(=''meš-ḫa im-šuḫ'' ZI) "In (the month of) Shabbat, on the morning of the 28th day, Numushda emits mišḫu and rises" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":7">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 238:6], parallel in Sp II 202+: ''ina'' ziz<sub>2</sub> ''ina še-rim'' 28 <sup>múl</sup>nu.muš.da ''meš-ḫu im-šuḫ'' ZI [ibid.<ref name=":7" /> 246:25]. See also: [<sup>mul</sup>NU].MUŠ.DA <sup>d</sup>˹E<sub>2</sub>˺-[''a''...] [CT<ref name=":4" /> 26, 48, K.11806: 10-11]. |
|||
| |
| |
||
|} |
|} |
||
=== Additional === |
=== Additional === |
||
'''II. Deity.''' |
|||
==== II. Deity. ==== |
|||
Numushda — an ancient Sumerian deity associated with the city of Kazallu in northern Babylonia; the name is mentioned already in the lists of gods from Fara (XXVI century B.C.) [Krebernik 1986, 201]. He was considered the son of Nanna and was identified with the god of thunderstorm Adad, as well as with Marduk [Black-Green 1992, 145; Tallqvist 1938, 431]. |
|||
Numushda — an ancient Sumerian deity associated with the city of Kazallu in northern Babylonia; the name is mentioned already in the lists of gods from Fara (XXVI century B.C.) [Krebernik 1986<ref>''Krebernik M.'' Die Götterlisten aus Fāra // ZA. 1986. Bd. 76, Halbband II. S. 161-204.</ref>, 201]. He was considered the son of Nanna and was identified with the god of thunderstorm Adad, as well as with Marduk [Black-Green 1992<ref>''Black J., Green A.'' Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary. London, British Museum Press, 1992.</ref>, 145; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 431]. |
|||
==== III. Identification. ==== |
|||
= Grus + Indus (the group of stars from α β Sagittarii to α Phoenicis) [G. 305, I]; Schaumberger's remark, "Numushda is one of the southern constellations; its stars, having hardly appeared, quickly disappear again" [3. Erg.<ref name=":8">''Kugler F.X. '' Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 286]. |
|||
= Crane (Grus)(?) [Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 75a]. |
|||
= Grus + Indus (the group of stars from α β Sagittarii to α Phoenicis) [G. 305, I]; Schaumberger's remark, "Numushda is one of the southern constellations; its stars, having hardly appeared, quickly disappear again" [3. Erg., 286]. |
|||
= |
= η Centauri(?) [MA<ref name=":5" />, 138]. |
||
= η Centauri |
= η or κ Centauri [ASM<ref name=":6" />, 274]. |
||
= part of Centauri (Centauri) [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, 75]. |
|||
= η or κ Centauri [ASM, 274]. |
|||
==== IV. Astrology. ==== |
|||
= part of Centauri (Centauri) [Beaulieu et al. 2018, 75]. |
|||
===== Identifications: ===== |
|||
'''IV. Astrology.''' |
|||
(1) = Venus; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA ''kal u''<sub>4</sub>-''mi'' GUB-''iz ina'' GI<sub>6</sub> NU IGI ''a-bu-bu'' KUŠ<sub>7</sub>-''tim'' GAR-''an'' […] "If Numushda stands all day (and) is not seen at night: a devastating flood will occur [...]" [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":9">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref> 2, 78:15, 79:3], see also [3. Erg.<ref name=":8" />, 285; Gössmann<ref name=":2" /> 305, III 1]. |
|||
(2) = Mercury; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA ''za-mar i-lam-ma za-mar it-bal'' BE''-ma'' MUL.MEŠ-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GIM ''ka-ra-re-e'' GAL<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ / <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD IGI-''ma'' TUM<sub>3</sub>-''ma'' NU IGI ''ki-ma ina u''<sub>4</sub>-''mi'' IGI TUM<sub>3</sub>-''ma'' NU IGI / MUL-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GIM ''ka-ra-re-e'' DUG<sub>4</sub>.GA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> NU IGI "If Numushda revolves quickly, (then) disappears quickly, if its stars are like the midday Sun, (it means): Mercury appears, disappears and (again) does not appear, when in the daytime it appears, disappears and (again) does not appear, its star is like the noonday Sun; so they say when he does not appear." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":9" />, 28:12-14]; here the identity is assumed: Numushda = Mercury. |
|||
Identifications: |
|||
(3) Numushda = Marduk = Adad; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>]NU.MUŠ.DA <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA <sup>d</sup>IM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>BAR<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>IM GU<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ne''<sub>2</sub>-''eḫ'' "[If] Numushda = Marduk, Numushda = Adad, who is in the month of nisan: Adad has quieted his cry" [ACh Adad<ref name=":9" />, 17:7]. |
|||
(1) = Venus; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA kal u4-mi GUB-iz ina GI6 NU IGI a-bu-bu KUŠ7-tim GAR-an […] "If Numushda stands all day (and) is not seen at night: a devastating flood will occur [...]" [ACh Suppl. 2, 78:15, 79:3], see also [3. Erg., 285; G. 305, III 1]. |
|||
===== Predictions: ===== |
|||
(2) = Mercury; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA za-mar i-lam-ma za-mar it-bal BE-ma MUL.MEŠ-šu2 GIM ka-ra-re-e GAL2.MEŠ / dUDU.IDIM.GU4.UD IGI-ma TUM3-ma NU IGI ki-ma ina u4-mi IGI TUM3-ma NU IGI / MUL-šu2 GIM ka-ra-re-e DUG4.GA ša2 NU IGI "If Numushda revolves quickly, (then) disappears quickly, if its stars are like the midday Sun, (it means): Mercury appears, disappears and (again) does not appear, when in the daytime it appears, disappears and (again) does not appear, its star is like the noonday Sun; so they say when he does not appear." [ACh Ištar, 28:12-14]; here the identity is assumed: Numushda = Mercury. |
|||
(4) Numushda and the dark star; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA ''id'' IM.MER.RA MUL GI<sub>6</sub> ''ra-kib'' AN.MI <sup>d</sup>UTU […] "If Numushda (= Venus?) rides to the northern dark star (Mercury or Saturn?): (there will be) a solar eclipse [...]" [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":9" /> 2, 68:16, 69:3]. |
|||
( |
(5) Numushda approaches the Plow; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ].DA ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>APIN TE <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ana'' <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD TE-''ma'' […] "[If Numush]da approaches the Plow, (it means): Venus approaches Mercury [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":9" />, 30:17]; for an alternative reading, see (Kurtik a43) [[APIN|<sup>giš</sup>APIN]], VI 2. |
||
See also the corrupted text: <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ''ša-qu''<sub>2</sub>-''u''<sub>2</sub> GUB<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Nu-muš-da'' […] «Мардук высоко слева от Нумушда (стоит) […], <sup>mul</sup>''Nu-muš-da'' ḪUL-''ta'' … […] 'The evil of Numushd ...[...]'" [ABCD<ref name=":3" />, 204, VII Rec. B: rev 7, 9]. |
|||
Predictions: |
|||
(4) Numushda and the dark star; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA id IM.MER.RA MUL GI6 ra-kib AN.MI dUTU […] "If Numushda (= Venus?) rides to the northern dark star (Mercury or Saturn?): (there will be) a solar eclipse [...]" [ACh Suppl. 2, 68:16, 69:3]. |
|||
(5) Numushda approaches the Plow;[DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ].DA ana mulAPIN TE dDil-bat ana dGU4.UD TE-ma […] "[If Numush]da approaches the Plow, (it means): Venus approaches Mercury [...]" [ACh Ištar, 30:17]; for an alternative reading, see a43gišAPIN, VI 2. |
|||
See also the corrupted text: ddAMAR.UTU ša-qu2-u2 GUB3 dNu-muš-da […] «Мардук высоко слева от Нумушда (стоит) […], mulNu-muš-da ḪUL-ta … […] 'The evil of Numushd ...[...]'" [ABCD, 204, VII Rec. B: rev 7, 9]. |
|||
== Historical Dictionaries == |
== Historical Dictionaries == |
||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
!Kurtik (2022, n05) |
|||
! |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|||
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022) |
|||
=== <sup>(mul)</sup>''Nammaššû'' === |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|аккадская параллель к <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA, «Стада (диких) животных»(?) [CAD N/1, 233–234], см. n49NU.MUŠ.DA. |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, n49) |
|||
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950) |
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950) |
||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| = nammaššû, букв. «Стада (диких) животных»; созвездие или звезда в пределах Центавра (Centaurus) (?) [CAD N/1, 233ff.; AHw, 728a; G. 305]. |
| = nammaššû, букв. «Стада (диких) животных»; созвездие или звезда в пределах Центавра (Centaurus) (?) [CAD N/1, 233ff.; AHw, 728a; G. 305]. |
||
I. Источники. |
I. Источники. |
||
Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Urra XXII: |
Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da = nam-maš-šu-u<sub>2</sub> [MSL XI, 31, Section 11:4; SpTU III, 114A v 63; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 111:323ʹ]. (2) Серия Ḫg. B VI: <sup>[mul]</sup>nu.muš.da = na-maš-šu-u<sub>2</sub> = <sup>d</sup>IM [MSL XI, 41:48], <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da = (пропуск) = nam-maš-šu-u<sub>2</sub> [SpTU III, 116 iii 17]. EAE. См. [ABCD 62, 203–204, EAE 20, VII Rec. B, r. 7, 9]. «Астролябии». Astrolabe P. Месяц шабату, звезды Эа, 160 [Pinches 1900, 575]. Astrolabe B. (1) Cписок (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>nu.muš.da šu-ut <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-a «[Шабату]: Нумушда (на пути) Эа (восходит)» (C i 11). (2) Список (восход–заход=6m): a) <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da <sup>mul</sup>sim.maḫ <sup>mul</sup>Da-mu e<sub>3</sub> «Шабату: Нумушда, Ласточка, Даму восходят» (С 33), b) <sup>[mul]</sup>nu.muš.da <sup>mul</sup>sim.maḫ <sup>mul</sup>Da-mu š[u<sub>2</sub>] «(Абу): Нумушда, Ласточка, Даму захо[дят]» [KAV 218, C 22; Horowitz 2014, 40]. BM 82923. Месяц шабату, звезды Эа: <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA // 2,40 // DINGIR.DINGIR ki-lal <sup>d</sup>IM <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU «Нумушда // 160 // Оба божества — Адад (и) Мардук» [Walker–Hunger 1977, 30:31]. BM 34713. <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> // 2,40 <sup>múl</sup>nu.muš.da // 1,10 <sup>múl</sup>alla // 35 <sup>múl</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>[mušen]</sup> «Шабату: 160 Нумушда, 70 Краб, 35 Орел» [LBAT, 1499:11]. «Круглые астролябии». K.14943+: <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub>.a.an // <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.d[a] // ˹2,40˺ «(Звезды Эа), шабату, Нумушда, 160» [CT 33, 12]. Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ea (№ 3): <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da [CT 33, 9 r. 16; MCG, 176]. MUL.APIN. (1) Звезды Эа (№ 8): MUL ša<sub>2</sub> EGIR-šu<sub>2</sub>-nu GUB-zu GIM <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-a KUR-ḫa / GIM <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-a ŠU<sub>2</sub><sup>meš</sup> <sup>mul</sup>Nu-muš-da <sup>d</sup>IM «Звезда, которая стоит позади них (т. е. позади Шуллат и Ханиш), восходит как Эа и заходит как Эа: Нумушда, Адад» (I ii 26–27) [MA, 37]. «Большой список звезд». (1) <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da = […], <sup>mul</sup>min = <sup>d</sup>[…], <sup>mul</sup>min = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu; (2) 12 звезд Элама: <sup>mul</sup>n[u.muš.da] [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:130–132, 206]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:44. <sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.da = dingir ša<sub>2</sub>-gi-mu «Нумушда = рычащий бог» [HBA, 52:44; Wee 2016, 162–3]. GU-текст. (L) ˹<sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.˺da «Нумушда» (κ Cen) [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:20; ASM, 92], см. также d11DINGIR.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>. Храмовый ритуал в Вавилоне. <sup>múl</sup>nu.muš.da muš-tab-ru-u zunni(šeg<sub>3</sub>) «Нумушда, дождь продлевающий» [RAcc. 138:312; Linssen 2004, 220, 229]. Анафора. А 3427: ina <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> ina še-rim ud 28 <sup>múl</sup>nu.muš.da ki.min(=meš-ḫa im-šuḫ ZI) «В (месяце) шабату утром 28-го дня Нумушда испускает mišḫu и восходит» [Schaumberger 1955, 238:6], параллель в Sp II 202+: ina ziz<sub>2</sub> ina še-rim 28 <sup>múl</sup>nu.muš.da meš-ḫu im-šuḫ ZI [ibid. 246:25]. См. также: [<sup>mul</sup>NU].MUŠ.DA <sup>d</sup>˹E<sub>2</sub>˺-[a…] [CT 26, 48, K.11806: 10–11]. |
||
II. Божество. |
II. Божество. |
||
| Line 87: | Line 154: | ||
Отождествления: |
Отождествления: |
||
(1) = Венера; DIŠ |
(1) = Венера; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA kal u<sub>4</sub>-mi GUB-iz ina GI<sub>6</sub> NU IGI a-bu-bu KUŠ<sub>7</sub>-tim GAR-an […] «Если Нумушда весь день стоит (и) ночью не виден: потоп опустошительный произойдет […]» [ACh Suppl. 2, 78:15, 79:3], см. также [3. Erg., 285; G. 305, III 1]. |
||
(2) = Меркурий; DIŠ |
(2) = Меркурий; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA za-mar i-lam-ma za-mar it-bal BE-ma MUL.MEŠ-šu<sub>2</sub> GIM ka-ra-re-e GAL<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ / <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD IGI-ma TUM<sub>3</sub>-ma NU IGI ki-ma ina u<sub>4</sub>-mi IGI TUM<sub>3</sub>-ma NU IGI / MUL-šu<sub>2</sub> GIM ka-ra-re-e DUG<sub>4</sub>.GA ša<sub>2</sub> NU IGI «Если Нумушда быстро вращается, (затем) быстро исчезает, если звезды его подобны полуденному Солнцу, (это означает): Меркурий появляется, исчезает и (вновь) не появляется, когда днем появляется, исчезает и (вновь) не появляется, звезда его подобна полуденному Солнцу; так говорят, когда он не появляется» [ACh Ištar, 28:12–14]; здесь предполагается тождество: Нумушда = Меркурий. |
||
(3) Нумушда = Мардук = Адад; [DIŠ mul]NU.MUŠ.DA |
(3) Нумушда = Мардук = Адад; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>]NU.MUŠ.DA <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA <sup>d</sup>IM ša<sub>2</sub> ina <sup>iti</sup>BAR<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>IM GU<sub>3</sub>-šu<sub>2</sub> ne<sub>2</sub>-eḫ «[Если] Нумушда = Мардук, Нумушда = Адад, который в месяце нисану: Адад крик свой усмирил» [ACh Adad, 17:7]. |
||
Предсказания: |
Предсказания: |
||
(4) Нумушда и темная звезда; DIŠ |
(4) Нумушда и темная звезда; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ.DA id IM.MER.RA MUL GI<sub>6</sub> ra-kib AN.MI <sup>d</sup>UTU […] «Если Нумушда (= Венера?) к северу темную звезду (Меркурий или Сатурн?) оседлал: (будет) солнечное затмение […]» [ACh Suppl. 2, 68:16, 69:3]. |
||
(5) Нумушда к Плугу приближается; [DIŠ |
(5) Нумушда к Плугу приближается; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>NU.MUŠ].DA ana <sup>mul</sup>APIN TE <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat ana <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD TE-ma […] «[Если Нумуш]да к Плугу приближается, (это означает): Венера к Меркурию приближается […]» [ACh Ištar, 30:17]; альтернативное прочтение см. a43<sup>giš</sup>APIN, VI 2. |
||
См. также поврежденный текст: |
См. также поврежденный текст: <sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU ša-qu<sub>2</sub>-u<sub>2</sub> GUB<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>Nu-muš-da […] «Мардук высоко слева от Нумушда (стоит) […], <sup>mul</sup>Nu-muš-da ḪUL-ta … […] «Зло Нумушда …[…]» [ABCD, 204, VII Rec. B: rev 7, 9]. |
||
| Example |
| Example |
||
|} |
|} |
||
| Line 112: | Line 179: | ||
[[Category:Cuneiform]] |
[[Category:Cuneiform]] |
||
[[Category:Constellation]] |
[[Category:Constellation]] |
||
[[Category:Deity]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 22:25, 14 October 2025
mul / dNU.MUŠ.DA (𒀯𒉡𒈲𒁕) is an ancient Mesopotamian constellation within The Centaur (Centaurus). Akkadian parallel to (mul)Nammaššû, "Herds of (wild) animals"(?) [CAD[1] N/1, 233-234].
Concordance, Etymology, History
Krebernik (2023)
The god dNu-muš-da, city god of Kazallu, is a son of the moon god Nanna/Sîn. Spellings of the star name often omit the determinative for deities. According to Hh, the reading of the star name is nammaššû “herds of animals” (see SpTU III[2] nr. 114 iv 127). Therefore, the sumerogram could be based on folk etymology. 5R 46: 44 gives the reading/explanation dŠa-gi-mu “The Roaring (god)”. MUL dNU.MUŠ.DA (EA 8r).
Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim
= nammaššû, lit. "Herds of (wild) animals"; (?) [CAD[1] N/1, 233ff.; AHw[3], 728a; Gössmann[4] 305].
| Sources | Identifications |
|---|---|
| Lexical texts. | |
| EAE.
See. [ABCD[7] 62, 203-204, EAE 20, VII Rec. B, r. 7, 9]. |
|
| "Three Stars Each (Astroabes)."
Astrolabe P.
Astrolabe B.
|
|
| BM 82923.
Month of Shabbat, stars Ea:
|
|
BM 34713.
|
|
"Round astrolabes."
|
|
| The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.
List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 3): mulnu.muš.da [CT[13] 33, 9 r. 16; MCG[14], 176]. |
|
MUL.APIN.
|
|
"Great Star List and Miscellenia."
|
|
| List of stars VR 46, 1:44. | |
GU text.
|
|
| Temple ritual in Babylon. | |
Anaphora.
|
Additional
II. Deity.
Numushda — an ancient Sumerian deity associated with the city of Kazallu in northern Babylonia; the name is mentioned already in the lists of gods from Fara (XXVI century B.C.) [Krebernik 1986[23], 201]. He was considered the son of Nanna and was identified with the god of thunderstorm Adad, as well as with Marduk [Black-Green 1992[24], 145; Tallqvist 1938[25], 431].
III. Identification.
= Grus + Indus (the group of stars from α β Sagittarii to α Phoenicis) [G. 305, I]; Schaumberger's remark, "Numushda is one of the southern constellations; its stars, having hardly appeared, quickly disappear again" [3. Erg.[26], 286].
= Crane (Grus)(?) [Weidner 1957-59[27], 75a].
= η Centauri(?) [MA[15], 138].
= η or κ Centauri [ASM[19], 274].
= part of Centauri (Centauri) [Beaulieu et al. 2018[28], 75].
IV. Astrology.
Identifications:
(1) = Venus; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA kal u4-mi GUB-iz ina GI6 NU IGI a-bu-bu KUŠ7-tim GAR-an […] "If Numushda stands all day (and) is not seen at night: a devastating flood will occur [...]" [ACh Suppl.[29] 2, 78:15, 79:3], see also [3. Erg.[26], 285; Gössmann[4] 305, III 1].
(2) = Mercury; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA za-mar i-lam-ma za-mar it-bal BE-ma MUL.MEŠ-šu2 GIM ka-ra-re-e GAL2.MEŠ / dUDU.IDIM.GU4.UD IGI-ma TUM3-ma NU IGI ki-ma ina u4-mi IGI TUM3-ma NU IGI / MUL-šu2 GIM ka-ra-re-e DUG4.GA ša2 NU IGI "If Numushda revolves quickly, (then) disappears quickly, if its stars are like the midday Sun, (it means): Mercury appears, disappears and (again) does not appear, when in the daytime it appears, disappears and (again) does not appear, its star is like the noonday Sun; so they say when he does not appear." [ACh Ištar[29], 28:12-14]; here the identity is assumed: Numushda = Mercury.
(3) Numushda = Marduk = Adad; [DIŠ mul]NU.MUŠ.DA dAMAR.UTU mulNU.MUŠ.DA dIM ša2 ina itiBAR2 dIM GU3-šu2 ne2-eḫ "[If] Numushda = Marduk, Numushda = Adad, who is in the month of nisan: Adad has quieted his cry" [ACh Adad[29], 17:7].
Predictions:
(4) Numushda and the dark star; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA id IM.MER.RA MUL GI6 ra-kib AN.MI dUTU […] "If Numushda (= Venus?) rides to the northern dark star (Mercury or Saturn?): (there will be) a solar eclipse [...]" [ACh Suppl.[29] 2, 68:16, 69:3].
(5) Numushda approaches the Plow; [DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ].DA ana mulAPIN TE dDil-bat ana dGU4.UD TE-ma […] "[If Numush]da approaches the Plow, (it means): Venus approaches Mercury [...]" [ACh Ištar[29], 30:17]; for an alternative reading, see (Kurtik a43) gišAPIN, VI 2.
See also the corrupted text: dAMAR.UTU ša-qu2-u2 GUB3 dNu-muš-da […] «Мардук высоко слева от Нумушда (стоит) […], mulNu-muš-da ḪUL-ta … […] 'The evil of Numushd ...[...]'" [ABCD[7], 204, VII Rec. B: rev 7, 9].
Historical Dictionaries
| Kurtik (2022, n05) | |
|---|---|
(mul)Nammaššû |
|
| аккадская параллель к mulNU.MUŠ.DA, «Стада (диких) животных»(?) [CAD N/1, 233–234], см. n49NU.MUŠ.DA. | |
| Kurtik (2022, n49) | Gössmann (1950) |
| = nammaššû, букв. «Стада (диких) животных»; созвездие или звезда в пределах Центавра (Centaurus) (?) [CAD N/1, 233ff.; AHw, 728a; G. 305].
I. Источники. Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Urra XXII: mulnu.muš.da = nam-maš-šu-u2 [MSL XI, 31, Section 11:4; SpTU III, 114A v 63; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 111:323ʹ]. (2) Серия Ḫg. B VI: [mul]nu.muš.da = na-maš-šu-u2 = dIM [MSL XI, 41:48], mulnu.muš.da = (пропуск) = nam-maš-šu-u2 [SpTU III, 116 iii 17]. EAE. См. [ABCD 62, 203–204, EAE 20, VII Rec. B, r. 7, 9]. «Астролябии». Astrolabe P. Месяц шабату, звезды Эа, 160 [Pinches 1900, 575]. Astrolabe B. (1) Cписок (3´12): [itiziz2 mu]lnu.muš.da šu-ut dE2-a «[Шабату]: Нумушда (на пути) Эа (восходит)» (C i 11). (2) Список (восход–заход=6m): a) itiziz2 mulnu.muš.da mulsim.maḫ mulDa-mu e3 «Шабату: Нумушда, Ласточка, Даму восходят» (С 33), b) [mul]nu.muš.da mulsim.maḫ mulDa-mu š[u2] «(Абу): Нумушда, Ласточка, Даму захо[дят]» [KAV 218, C 22; Horowitz 2014, 40]. BM 82923. Месяц шабату, звезды Эа: mulNU.MUŠ.DA // 2,40 // DINGIR.DINGIR ki-lal dIM dAMAR.UTU «Нумушда // 160 // Оба божества — Адад (и) Мардук» [Walker–Hunger 1977, 30:31]. BM 34713. itiziz2 // 2,40 múlnu.muš.da // 1,10 múlalla // 35 múlti8[mušen] «Шабату: 160 Нумушда, 70 Краб, 35 Орел» [LBAT, 1499:11]. «Круглые астролябии». K.14943+: itiziz2.a.an // mulnu.muš.d[a] // ˹2,40˺ «(Звезды Эа), шабату, Нумушда, 160» [CT 33, 12]. Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ea (№ 3): mulnu.muš.da [CT 33, 9 r. 16; MCG, 176]. MUL.APIN. (1) Звезды Эа (№ 8): MUL ša2 EGIR-šu2-nu GUB-zu GIM dE2-a KUR-ḫa / GIM dE2-a ŠU2meš mulNu-muš-da dIM «Звезда, которая стоит позади них (т. е. позади Шуллат и Ханиш), восходит как Эа и заходит как Эа: Нумушда, Адад» (I ii 26–27) [MA, 37]. «Большой список звезд». (1) mulnu.muš.da = […], mulmin = d[…], mulmin = damar.utu; (2) 12 звезд Элама: muln[u.muš.da] [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:130–132, 206]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:44. mulnu.muš.da = dingir ša2-gi-mu «Нумушда = рычащий бог» [HBA, 52:44; Wee 2016, 162–3]. GU-текст. (L) ˹mulnu.muš.˺da «Нумушда» (κ Cen) [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:20; ASM, 92], см. также d11DINGIR.KU.Ameš. Храмовый ритуал в Вавилоне. múlnu.muš.da muš-tab-ru-u zunni(šeg3) «Нумушда, дождь продлевающий» [RAcc. 138:312; Linssen 2004, 220, 229]. Анафора. А 3427: ina itiziz2 ina še-rim ud 28 múlnu.muš.da ki.min(=meš-ḫa im-šuḫ ZI) «В (месяце) шабату утром 28-го дня Нумушда испускает mišḫu и восходит» [Schaumberger 1955, 238:6], параллель в Sp II 202+: ina ziz2 ina še-rim 28 múlnu.muš.da meš-ḫu im-šuḫ ZI [ibid. 246:25]. См. также: [mulNU].MUŠ.DA d˹E2˺-[a…] [CT 26, 48, K.11806: 10–11]. II. Божество. Нумушда — древнее шумерское божество, связанное с городом Казаллу на севере Вавилонии; имя упоминается уже в списках богов из Фары (XXVI в. до н.э.) [Krebernik 1986, 201]. Считался сыном Нанны и отождествлялся с богом грозы Ададом, а также с Мардуком [Black–Green 1992, 145; Tallqvist 1938, 431]. III. Отождествление. = Grus + Indus (группа звезд от α β Sagittarii до α Phoenicis) [G. 305, I]; замечание Шаумбергера: «Нумушда — одно из южных созвездий; его звезды, едва появившись, быстро опять исчезают» [3. Erg., 286]. = Журавль (Grus)(?) [Weidner 1957–59, 75a]. = η Centauri(?) [MA, 138]. = η или κ Centauri [ASM, 274]. = часть Центавра (Centauri) [Beaulieu et al. 2018, 75]. IV. Астрология. Отождествления: (1) = Венера; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA kal u4-mi GUB-iz ina GI6 NU IGI a-bu-bu KUŠ7-tim GAR-an […] «Если Нумушда весь день стоит (и) ночью не виден: потоп опустошительный произойдет […]» [ACh Suppl. 2, 78:15, 79:3], см. также [3. Erg., 285; G. 305, III 1]. (2) = Меркурий; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA za-mar i-lam-ma za-mar it-bal BE-ma MUL.MEŠ-šu2 GIM ka-ra-re-e GAL2.MEŠ / dUDU.IDIM.GU4.UD IGI-ma TUM3-ma NU IGI ki-ma ina u4-mi IGI TUM3-ma NU IGI / MUL-šu2 GIM ka-ra-re-e DUG4.GA ša2 NU IGI «Если Нумушда быстро вращается, (затем) быстро исчезает, если звезды его подобны полуденному Солнцу, (это означает): Меркурий появляется, исчезает и (вновь) не появляется, когда днем появляется, исчезает и (вновь) не появляется, звезда его подобна полуденному Солнцу; так говорят, когда он не появляется» [ACh Ištar, 28:12–14]; здесь предполагается тождество: Нумушда = Меркурий. (3) Нумушда = Мардук = Адад; [DIŠ mul]NU.MUŠ.DA dAMAR.UTU mulNU.MUŠ.DA dIM ša2 ina itiBAR2 dIM GU3-šu2 ne2-eḫ «[Если] Нумушда = Мардук, Нумушда = Адад, который в месяце нисану: Адад крик свой усмирил» [ACh Adad, 17:7]. Предсказания: (4) Нумушда и темная звезда; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA id IM.MER.RA MUL GI6 ra-kib AN.MI dUTU […] «Если Нумушда (= Венера?) к северу темную звезду (Меркурий или Сатурн?) оседлал: (будет) солнечное затмение […]» [ACh Suppl. 2, 68:16, 69:3]. (5) Нумушда к Плугу приближается; [DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ].DA ana mulAPIN TE dDil-bat ana dGU4.UD TE-ma […] «[Если Нумуш]да к Плугу приближается, (это означает): Венера к Меркурию приближается […]» [ACh Ištar, 30:17]; альтернативное прочтение см. a43gišAPIN, VI 2. См. также поврежденный текст: dAMAR.UTU ša-qu2-u2 GUB3 dNu-muš-da […] «Мардук высоко слева от Нумушда (стоит) […], mulNu-muš-da ḪUL-ta … […] «Зло Нумушда …[…]» [ABCD, 204, VII Rec. B: rev 7, 9]. |
Example |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
- ↑ Soden von W. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
- ↑ Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = hubullu. Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.
- ↑ Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Rochberg-Halton F. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).
- ↑ Pinches T.G. Review of R.Brown. Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constellations of the Greeks, Phoenicians, and Babylonians. Vol. 2. London, 1900 // JRAS. 1900. P. 571-577.
- ↑ Schroeder O. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.
- ↑ Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.
- ↑ Walker C.B.F., Hunger H. Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.
- ↑ A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier, Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
- ↑ Horowitz W. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
- ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
- ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
- ↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
- ↑ Thureau-Dansin F. Rittuels accadiens. Paris, 1921.
- ↑ Linssen, Marc J.H. The Cults of Uruk and Babylon : The Temple Ritual Texts as Evidence for Hellenistic Cult Practises. Vol. 25. Cuneiform Monographs. Leiden, Boston : Brill, Styx. 2004.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Schaumberger J. Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.
- ↑ Krebernik M. Die Götterlisten aus Fāra // ZA. 1986. Bd. 76, Halbband II. S. 161-204.
- ↑ Black J., Green A. Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary. London, British Museum Press, 1992.
- ↑ Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Kugler F.X. Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.
- ↑ Weidner E. mul gir2.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
- ↑ Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)




