Cancer - Revision history

Sushoff at 13:24, 5 September 2025

2025-09-05T13:24:43Z

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	[[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Modern]]
	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]
			[[Category:Zodiac]]
	[[Category:4work]]		[[Category:4work]]

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2025-08-09T05:47:08Z

Eratosthenes

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	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
			Both variants as reconstructed in Greek by Pamias and Zucker (2013).


	Var. 1 <blockquote>He is said to have been placed among the constellations by Hera, because, while the others were fighting alongside Heracles when he destroyed the Hydra [all alone], the Crab emerged from the marsh and bit the hero on the foot, according to Panyasis in his Heraclea. It seems that Heracles then crushed it furiously under his foot. That is why the Crab obtained the considerable honour of being counted among the twelve signs of the zodiac.		Var. 1 <blockquote>He is said to have been placed among the constellations by Hera, because, while the others were fighting alongside Heracles when he destroyed the Hydra [all alone], the Crab emerged from the marsh and bit the hero on the foot, according to Panyasis in his Heraclea. It seems that Heracles then crushed it furiously under his foot. That is why the Crab obtained the considerable honour of being counted among the twelve signs of the zodiac.

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2025-08-09T05:36:45Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:36, 9 August 2025
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	Some of these stars are called ‘the Asses’; it was Dionysus who raised them among the constellations; they are also marked by the presence of the Manger beside them. Here is their story: when the gods launched their offensive against the Giants, it is said that Dionysus, Hephaestus and the Satyrs set off riding on donkeys. When they were near the Giants, and even before the latter were in sight, the donkeys began to bray; when they heard the sound of their voices, the Giants fled. It is for this reason that the Donkeys had the honour of appearing in the constellation of the Crab on the western side.		Some of these stars are called ‘the Asses’; it was Dionysus who raised them among the constellations; they are also marked by the presence of the Manger beside them. Here is their story: when the gods launched their offensive against the Giants, it is said that Dionysus, Hephaestus and the Satyrs set off riding on donkeys. When they were near the Giants, and even before the latter were in sight, the donkeys began to bray; when they heard the sound of their voices, the Giants fled. It is for this reason that the Donkeys had the honour of appearing in the constellation of the Crab on the western side.

	The Crab has two bright stars on its shell: these are the Asses. The nebulous cluster is the Manger, which can be seen in the centre of the Crab, and it looks as if the Asses are standing next to it. The Crab has one star on each of its legs on the right side, two bright ones on the first leg on the left side, two on the second, one on the third and, similarly, one on the tip of the fourth, one on the mouth, three on the right claw and two similar and smaller ones on the left claw		The Crab has two bright stars on its shell: these are the Asses. The nebulous cluster is the Manger, which can be seen in the centre of the Crab, and it looks as if the Asses are standing next to it. The Crab has one star on each of its legs on the right side, two bright ones on the first leg on the left side, two on the second, one on the third and, similarly, one on the tip of the fourth, one on the mouth, three on the right claw and two similar and smaller ones on the left claw.

	In total, there are eighteen.</blockquote>Var. 2<blockquote>The Crab is said to have been placed among the constellations by Hera; for when Heracles destroyed the Hydra, it sprang out of the marsh and bit him on the foot.		In total, there are eighteen.</blockquote>Var. 2<blockquote>The Crab is said to have been placed among the constellations by Hera; for when Heracles destroyed the Hydra, it sprang out of the marsh and bit him on the foot.

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2025-08-09T05:33:36Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:33, 9 August 2025
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	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
			Var. 1 <blockquote>He is said to have been placed among the constellations by Hera, because, while the others were fighting alongside Heracles when he destroyed the Hydra [all alone], the Crab emerged from the marsh and bit the hero on the foot, according to Panyasis in his Heraclea. It seems that Heracles then crushed it furiously under his foot. That is why the Crab obtained the considerable honour of being counted among the twelve signs of the zodiac.

			Some of these stars are called ‘the Asses’; it was Dionysus who raised them among the constellations; they are also marked by the presence of the Manger beside them. Here is their story: when the gods launched their offensive against the Giants, it is said that Dionysus, Hephaestus and the Satyrs set off riding on donkeys. When they were near the Giants, and even before the latter were in sight, the donkeys began to bray; when they heard the sound of their voices, the Giants fled. It is for this reason that the Donkeys had the honour of appearing in the constellation of the Crab on the western side.

			The Crab has two bright stars on its shell: these are the Asses. The nebulous cluster is the Manger, which can be seen in the centre of the Crab, and it looks as if the Asses are standing next to it. The Crab has one star on each of its legs on the right side, two bright ones on the first leg on the left side, two on the second, one on the third and, similarly, one on the tip of the fourth, one on the mouth, three on the right claw and two similar and smaller ones on the left claw

			In total, there are eighteen.</blockquote>Var. 2<blockquote>The Crab is said to have been placed among the constellations by Hera; for when Heracles destroyed the Hydra, it sprang out of the marsh and bit him on the foot.

			Another story is also told about them: when the gods, as has been said, launched their offensive against the Giants, Dionysus, Hephaestus and the Satyrs set off riding on donkeys; when they were near the Giants, and even before the latter were in sight, the donkeys began to bray; when they heard the sound of their voices, the Giants fled.

			It is for this reason that donkeys were honoured and placed among the constellations.

			The crab has two bright stars on its shell. It has one star on each of its right legs, one on its left leg, three on its right claw and two on its left claw. Twelve in total.</blockquote>

	===== Ovid, Fasti 1 =====		===== Ovid, Fasti 1 =====

Sushoff: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */

2025-08-09T05:20:38Z

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

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	===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===		===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===
	<gallery>		<gallery>
			File:CNC Cancer Anu smh.jpg\|Babylonian original image in Cancer: Seat of God Anu (his temple as throne), 2nd millennium BCE.
			File:Cnc AlRawi2001 details 300dpi.jpg\|Cancer depicted on a Babylonian clay tablet, 1st millennium BCE.
			File:Cnc Bab stellarium.jpg\|Cancer depicted as Crab in Babylonian times (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium), 1st millennium BCE.
			File:Kugel cnc+leo+hya+vir.JPG\|Cancer with Leo, Hydra and a planet on the ancient Greek Kugel Globe (1st century BCE)
	File:Cancer Uranometria.jpg\|Cancer in Uranometria (1603)		File:Cancer Uranometria.jpg\|Cancer in Uranometria (1603)
	File:Cancer Prodromus Astronomiae.jpg\|Cancer in Hevelius (1690)		File:Cancer Prodromus Astronomiae.jpg\|Cancer in Hevelius (1690)

Sushoff: /* Cultural Images */

2025-08-05T04:43:58Z

Cultural Images

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	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1992 - Colnect 252793 - Indonesian Cancer Foundation.jpeg\|Stamp, Indonesia (1992)		File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1992 - Colnect 252793 - Indonesian Cancer Foundation.jpeg\|Stamp, Indonesia (1992)
	File:50_Cents,_Slovenia.jpg\|Coin, Slovenia (~~...~~)		File:50_Cents,_Slovenia.jpg\|Coin, Slovenia (2007)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff: /* Cultural Images */

2025-08-05T04:43:38Z

Cultural Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:43, 5 August 2025
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	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1992 - Colnect 252793 - Indonesian Cancer Foundation.jpeg\|Stamp, Indonesia (1992)		File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1992 - Colnect 252793 - Indonesian Cancer Foundation.jpeg\|Stamp, Indonesia (1992)
	File:~~Slovenien_50_Cent~~.~~gif~~\|Coin, Slovenia (...)		File:50_Cents,_Slovenia.jpg\|Coin, Slovenia (...)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff: /* Cultural Images */

2025-08-05T04:41:56Z

Cultural Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:41, 5 August 2025
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	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1992 - Colnect 252793 - Indonesian Cancer Foundation.jpeg\|Stamp, Indonesia (1992)		File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1992 - Colnect 252793 - Indonesian Cancer Foundation.jpeg\|Stamp, Indonesia (1992)
			File:Slovenien_50_Cent.gif\|Coin, Slovenia (...)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */

2025-08-05T04:40:24Z

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:40, 5 August 2025
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	\|}		\|}
	===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===		===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===
			<gallery>
			File:Cancer Uranometria.jpg\|Cancer in Uranometria (1603)
			File:Cancer Prodromus Astronomiae.jpg\|Cancer in Hevelius (1690)
			File:Cancer Flamsteed.jpg\|Cancer in John Flamsteed's atlas (1729)
			File:John Bevis - Cancer.jpg\|Cancer in John Bevis's atlas (1750)
			File:Cancer and Leo Bode.jpg\|Cancer in Bode (1801)
			</gallery>

	==~~Greek~~ Mythology==		==Mythology==

			=== Greek ===
	Eratosthenes writes about the crab that was transferred to heaven by Hera. When Heracles fought the Hydra, the crab jumped out of the water and painfully pinched Heracles' foot. Enraged, Heracles crushed the crab, but Hera thanked him for his courageous endeavour by turning him into a star. Eratosthenes recites that it was an honour for the crab to be trampled by Heracles.		Eratosthenes writes about the crab that was transferred to heaven by Hera. When Heracles fought the Hydra, the crab jumped out of the water and painfully pinched Heracles' foot. Enraged, Heracles crushed the crab, but Hera thanked him for his courageous endeavour by turning him into a star. Eratosthenes recites that it was an honour for the crab to be trampled by Heracles.

	Eratosthenes reports that the donkeys were the mounts of the gods Dionysus, Hephaestus and the satyrs. After the Titans had fallen, the Greek gods fought against the monstrous giants. As they approached the giants, the donkeys began their characteristic cries of ‘hee-haw’. As the giants had never heard anything like this before, it probably frightened them so much that they fled before the gods even saw them.		Eratosthenes reports that the donkeys were the mounts of the gods Dionysus, Hephaestus and the satyrs. After the Titans had fallen, the Greek gods fought against the monstrous giants. As they approached the giants, the donkeys began their characteristic cries of ‘hee-haw’. As the giants had never heard anything like this before, it probably frightened them so much that they fled before the gods even saw them.

			Roman

			=== Cultural Images ===
			<gallery>
			File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1992 - Colnect 252793 - Indonesian Cancer Foundation.jpeg\|Stamp, Indonesia (1992)
			</gallery>


	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==
	* Ridpath, Ian, “[http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/cancer.html Star Tales: online edition]”.		* Ridpath, Ian, “[http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/cancer.html Star Tales: online edition]”.

Dorvic at 03:51, 3 May 2025

2025-05-03T03:51:41Z

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	===== Ovid, Fasti 1 =====		===== Ovid, Fasti 1 =====
	[311] Therefore when the third night before the Nones has come, and the ground is sprinkled and drenched with heavenly dew, you shall look in vain for the claws of the eight-footed Crab: headlong he’ll plunge beneath the western waves.		<blockquote>[311] Therefore when the third night before the Nones has come, and the ground is sprinkled and drenched with heavenly dew, you shall look in vain for the claws of the eight-footed Crab: headlong he’ll plunge beneath the western waves. (James George Frazer (1931)</blockquote>

	Ovid. Fasti. Translated by Frazer, James George. Loeb Classical Library Volume. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1931.

	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

			===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====
			<blockquote>The Crab is said to have been put among the stars by the favour of Juno, because, when Hercules had stood firm against the Lernaean Hydra, it had snapped at his foot from the swamp. Hercules, enraged at this, had killed it, and Juno put it among the constellations to be one of the twelve signs which are bound together by the circuit of the sun.

			In one part of its figure there are certain stars called Asses, pictured on the shell of the Crab by Liber with two stars only. For Liber, when madness was sent upon him by Juno, is said to have fled wildly through Thesprotia intending to reach the oracle of Dodonaean Jove to ask how he might recover his former sanity. When he came to a certain large swamp which he couldn't cross, it is said two asses met him. He caught one of them and in this way was carried across, not touching the water at all. So when he came to the temple of Dodonaean Jove, freed at once from his madness, he acknowledged his thanks to the asses and placed them among the constellations.

			Some say he gave a human voice to the ass which had carried him. This ass later had a contest with Priapus on a matter of physique, but was defeated and killed by him. Pitying him because of this, Liber numbered him among the stars, and so that it should be known that he did this as a god, not as a timid man fleeing from Juno, he placed him above the Crab which had been added to the stars by her kindness.

			According to Eratosthenes, another story is told about the Asses. After Jupiter had declared war on the Giants, he summoned all the gods to combat them, and Father Liber, Vulcan, the Satyrs, and the Sileni came riding on asses. Since they were not far from the enemy, the asses were terrified, and individually let out a braying such as the Giants had never heard. At the noise the enemy took hastily to flight, and thus were defeated.

			There is a story similar to this about the shell of Triton. He, too, when he had hollowed out the trumpet he had invented, took it with him against the Giants, and there blew strange sounds through the shell. The Giants, fearing that some wild beast had been brought by their adversaries, took to flight, and thus were overcome and came into their enemies' power. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote>

	===== Geminos =====		===== Geminos =====