{{DISPLAYTITLE:Al Faras ( الفرس )}}
Al Faras الفرس is Arabic for The Horse.

==Etymology and History==

=== '''''al-Faras''''' in Adams (2018),<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref> pp. xx-xx. ===
Adams interprets the term الفرس, al-Faras, in al-Qutayba<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref> as a constellation that differs from the (later) Arabic translations of the Greek term and identifies a smaller figure northwest of the ''Ίππος'' (The Horse in [[Pegasus]]).

=== '''''al-Faras''''' per Khalid AlAjaji ===
The only mention of al-Faras, that I am aware of, is by al-Ṣufī in his discussion of Andromeda. He described a complete horse figure detailing the member stars. Al-Ṣufī did not indicate any connection of this figure to the Arabs. His description followed the section on the stars of the Arabs in the Greek constellation and after the table of those stars. Before outlining al-Faras, he also detailed another figure of a fish at the foot of Andromeda. Both figures were imagined by al-Ṣufī. He sometimes takes the liberty to imagine figures that he believes deserve mention, such as the Bowl between Lyra and Cygnus and the Crater between Cygnus and Aquila.

This is a translation of al- Ṣufī description of the Complete Horse:

The 23rd star, which precedes the three stars located in the right hand (part of the She-Camel's head), is situated in the lip of another Horse that resembles a horse more than al-Faras al-ʾʿẓam. Near this 23rd star, there is a small star that makes it appear double. From this small star, a series of stars accumulate in the face and head, forming a head shape. This series continues along the crest in an arc, resembling a horse's neck, and connects with a star on the back, which is the 18th star of al-Faras al-ʾʿẓam, located at the end of the right front leg. The series then passes through two stars in the rump, a star at the joint of the tail (the 20th star at the end of the left front leg of al-Faras al-ʾʿẓam), and finally two stars, one in the middle of the tail and the other at the end of the tail, behind the Dolphin.

Another series emerges from the 23rd star on the lip, passing through the throat latch and upper neck, completing a head shape. It then turns and follows the neck towards the chest, reaching a star on the shoulder (the 7th star, the northern of the two stars of the right knee of al-Faras al-ʾʿẓam). From this star, it passes a star in the belly, leaning towards the south, and finally reaches a star in the testicle (the 19th star on the left knee of al-Faras al-ʾʿẓam). The northern star of al-Farġ al-Awwal, located on the shoulder of al-Faras al-ʾʿẓam, is in one of its front legs, while the two stars in the chest of al-Faras al-ʾʿẓam are in the other leg. The back legs are represented by two contiguous and obscure stars between the bright star on the lip of al-Faras al-ʾʿẓam and the star at the joint of the tail, which is located at the extremity of the left front leg of al-Faras al-ʾʿẓam.

=== '''''al-Faras''''' in Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>). ===
Laffitte collated all Arabic translations from the Greek. The original constellation in Greek was named The Horse (''Ίππος)'', and only some of the cases are interpreted with wings ([[Pegasus]]).[[File:AlFaras Roland2025.png|thumb|al-faras, The Horse, is an Indigenous Arabian constellation (drawing Laffitte 2012). Names in contemporary catalogs (''Ίππος > al-Faras'', ''ap.'' ms. de St-Pétersbourg)]]
Reading Variants '''B19.'''
* ''Ίππος /'' / ''al-Faras al-Ṯānī'', « le Second Cheval » (Ḥağğāğ)
* ''al-Faras'', « le Cheval » (Isḥāq, Battānī)
* ''al-Faras al-Acẓam'', « le Grand Cheval » (Isḥāq, Ṣūfī<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref>)
* ''al-Faras al-Muğannaḥ,'' « le Cheval ailé » (Bīrūnī)
* ''Buruṭūs ( ?)'' (Battānī)

==== '''''Individual Star Names''''' ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
(original)
!Arabic transliteration
!French
(Laffitte 2025)
!English
!Author
!identified star
|-
|
|''Ğanb al-Faras''
|le Flanc du Cheval
|The Flank of the Horse
|Battānī
|''α Peg''
|-
|
|''Kitf al-Faras''
|l’Épaule du Cheval
|The Shoulder? of the Horse
|Bīrūnī
|''α Peg''
|-
|
|''Mankib al-Faras''
|l’Épaule du Cheval
|The Shoulder? of the Horse
|Battānī
|''β Peg''
|-
|
|''Ẓahr al-Faras''
|le Dos du Cheval
|The Back of the Horse
|Battānī
|''γ Peg''
|-
|
|''al-Matan''
|le Paleron
|The Shoulder Blade
|Bīrūnī
|''γ Peg''
|-
|
|''Matan al-Faras''
|le Paleron du Cheval
|The Shoulder Blade of the Horse
|Marrākušī
|''γ Peg''
|-
|
|''Ṭaraf al-Ğanāḥ''
|le Bout de l’Aile
|the tip? of the wing
|Bīrūnī
|''γ Peg''
|-
|
|''Ğanāḥ al-Faras''
|l’Aile du Cheval
|The Wing of the Horse
|Battānī
|''γ Peg''
|-
|
|''Ğanāḥ''
|Aile
|The Wing
|Miṣrī
|''γ Peg''
|-
|
|''Mankib al-Faras''
|l’Épaule du Cheval
|The Shoulder of the Horse
|Battānī
|''δ Peg''
|-
|
|''al-Nayra''
|la Brillante
|The Bright One
|Bīrūnī
|''= α And''
|-
|
|''Surrat al-Faras wa-ḥuwwa''
|l’Ombilic du Cheval
|The Navel of the Horse
|Marrākušī
|''= α And''
|-
|
|''Ğaḥlafat al-Faras''
|la Lippe du Cheval
|The Lip of the Horse
|Battānī
|''ε Peg''
|-
|
|''Fum al-Faras''
|la Gueule du Cheval
|The Snout of the Horse
|Marrākušī
|''ε Peg''
|}

Names in contemporary catalogs
{| class="wikitable"
!Arabic
(original)
!Arabic transliteration
!French
(Laffitte 2025)
!English
!Author
!identified stars
|-
|
|''ᶜUnuq al-Faras''
|le Cou du Cheval
|The Neck of the Horse
|Marrākušī
|''ζ Peg''
|-
|
|''Rukbat al-Faras''
|le Genou du Cheval
|The Knee of the Horse
|Marrākušī
|''η Peg''
|-
|
|''Ra’s al-Faras''
|la Tête du Cheval
|The Head of the Horse
|Marrākušī
|''θ Peg''
|-
|
|''al-Kaᶜb al-Ayman''
|la Cheville droite
|The Right Ankle
|Bīrūnī
|''ι Peg''
|-
|
|''Rukbat al-Faras''
|Le Genou du Cheval
|The Knee of the Horse
|Miṣrī
|''ι Peg''
|-
|
|''al-Kaᶜb al-aysar''
|la Cheville gauche
|The Left Ankle
|Bīrūnī
|''κ Peg''
|-
|
|''al-Kaᶜb al-aysar min al-Faras''
|la Cheville gauche du Cheval
|The Left Ankle of the Horse
|Marrākušī
|''κ Peg''
|-
|
|''Ṣadr al-Faras''
|la Poitrine du Cheval
|The Breast of the Horse
|Marrākušī
|''λ Peg''
|-
|
|''al-Rukbat al-aysar''
|le Genou gauche
|The Left Knee
|Bīrūnī
|''π Peg''
|}

==Discussion==

==IAU Working Group Star Names==

== Weblinks ==

*

== Reference ==

Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.

al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.

[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Arabic]]
[[Category:Constellation]]
[[Category:Asterism]]
[[Category:And]]